Source

The storm formed in the central North Atlantic at approximately 50^o N, 20^o W during 14^th January 1938 and within 24 hours was centred west of Ireland with a central air pressure of approximately 960 mbar. This generated strong south-westerly winds on 15^th January most notably over the Irish Sea, which were described as “severe” gales that “swept large parts of the UK” (Eden, 2008). Wind speeds [probably gusts] were reportedly around 78 knots [40 m/s] (BBC, 2009).

We are unaware of any information regarding the sea level conditions during this event. Within the national tide gauge network, only the Newlyn tide gauge was operational at the time, but this was away from the region of influence. At Newlyn the water level return period was less than 1 year. The event occurred 2 days before peak spring tides.

We are unaware of any sources of information describing the wave conditions during this event.

Pathway

We are unaware of any specific information regarding the flood pathways for this event.

Receptor and Consequence

The combination of high tides and a storm surge flooded parts of the Bristol Channel, Cardigan Bay, Lancashire and Cumbria (Eden, 2008). In an article published by BBC (2009), a local historian describes accounts of a “tidal wave” striking the coast, which “devastated” residential properties on the seafront in Aberystwyth and shortened the pier by about 60 m. This event appears to have been associated with severe wave damages in addition to flooding, with front doors “smashed to matchwood” as they were “hurled” by boulders and paving slabs (BBC, 2009). One particular account describes how three persons fleeing their home were caught under their collapsed roof as waves crashed against it. All properties from the King’s Hall north were damaged. The total cost of damages was reportedly £70,000, which equates to approximately £2.5 million in 2009 prices (BBC, 2009).

Summary Table

*No known sources of information available